2024/08/07更新

根据官方要求，Solana RPC 节点至少需要 512GB 内存。实际测试下来，在开启 account-index 参数后，v1.18+ 版本节点稳定时需要 330GB 左右内存，偶尔峰值会到 430G（推荐 512G，不然可能会内存溢出），而 v1.17+ 版本则需要近 1TB 内存。

挂载磁盘

官方推荐机器至少 3 个 NVMe 盘，一个系统盘，一个存账户数据，一个存账本数据。除系统盘外，每个硬盘推荐使用 2T 的存储空间。以下为创建项目目录和挂载磁盘的命令：

mkdir /root/sol
mkdir /root/sol/accounts
mkdir /root/sol/ledger
mkdir /root/sol/bin

# n + e
fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
fdisk /dev/nvme1n1

mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvme0n1
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvme1n1

mount /dev/nvme0n1 /root/sol/ledger
mount /dev/nvme1n1 /root/sol/accounts

vim /etc/fstab
/dev/nvme0n1 /root/sol/ledger ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/nvme1n1 /root/sol/accounts ext4 defaults 0 0

将 cpu 设置为 performance 模式

Solana 节点对 cpu 主频要求较高，推荐使用高频 cpu 并将性能设置为 performance 模式。

apt install linux-tools-common linux-tools-$(uname -r)

cpupower frequency-info

cpupower frequency-set --governor performance

watch "grep 'cpu MHz' /proc/cpuinfo"

下载 solana-cli

# sh -c "$(curl -sSfL https://release.solana.com/stable/install)"
# 使用v1.18+版本，内存占用少
sh -c "$(curl -sSfL https://release.solana.com/v1.18.15/install)"

vim /root/.bashrc
export PATH="/root/.local/share/solana/install/active_release/bin:$PATH"
source /root/.bashrc

solana --version

创建验证者私钥

solana-keygen new -o validator-keypair.json

系统调优

1. 修改/etc/sysctl.conf

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

添加如下

# Increase UDP buffer sizes
net.core.rmem_default = 134217728
net.core.rmem_max = 134217728
net.core.wmem_default = 134217728
net.core.wmem_max = 134217728

# Increase memory mapped files limit
vm.max_map_count = 1000000

# Increase number of allowed open file descriptors
fs.nr_open = 1000000

sysctl -p

1. 修改/etc/systemd/system.conf

vim /etc/systemd/system.conf

添加如下

DefaultLimitNOFILE=1000000

systemctl daemon-reload

1. 修改/etc/security/limits.conf

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

添加如下

# Increase process file descriptor count limit
* - nofile 1000000

ulimit -n 1000000 # 手动设置一下，不然需要重启机器

开启防火墙

sudo ufw allow 22
sudo ufw allow 8000:8020/tcp
sudo ufw allow 8000:8020/udp
sudo ufw allow 8899 # http 端口
sudo ufw allow 8900 # websocket 端口

sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw status

创建启动脚本和服务

vim /root/sol/bin/validator.sh

添加如下

#!/bin/bash

exec solana-validator \
    --ledger /root/sol/ledger \
    --accounts /root/sol/accounts \
    --identity /root/validator-keypair.json \
    --known-validator 7Np41oeYqPefeNQEHSv1UDhYrehxin3NStELsSKCT4K2 \
    --known-validator GdnSyH3YtwcxFvQrVVJMm1JhTS4QVX7MFsX56uJLUfiZ \
    --known-validator DE1bawNcRJB9rVm3buyMVfr8mBEoyyu73NBovf2oXJsJ \
    --known-validator CakcnaRDHka2gXyfbEd2d3xsvkJkqsLw2akB3zsN1D2S \
    --entrypoint entrypoint.mainnet-beta.solana.com:8001 \
    --entrypoint entrypoint2.mainnet-beta.solana.com:8001 \
    --entrypoint entrypoint3.mainnet-beta.solana.com:8001 \
    --entrypoint entrypoint4.mainnet-beta.solana.com:8001 \
    --entrypoint entrypoint5.mainnet-beta.solana.com:8001 \
    --expected-genesis-hash 5eykt4UsFv8P8NJdTREpY1vzqKqZKvdpKuc147dw2N9d \
    --full-rpc-api \
    --no-voting \
    --private-rpc \
    --rpc-port 8899 \
    --gossip-port 8001 \
    --dynamic-port-range 8000-8020 \
    --wal-recovery-mode skip_any_corrupted_record \
    --limit-ledger-size \
    --account-index program-id \
    --account-index spl-token-mint \
    --account-index spl-token-owner \
    --enable-rpc-transaction-history \
    --enable-cpi-and-log-storage \
    --init-complete-file /root/init-completed \
    --log /root/solana-rpc.log

    # 以下参数按需选择添加
    # 务必了解每个参数的功能
    # --rpc-bind-address 0.0.0.0 \
    # --tpu-enable-udp \
    # --only-known-rpc \
    # --rpc-send-default-max-retries 0 \
    # --rpc-send-service-max-retries 0 \
    # --rpc-send-retry-ms 2000 \
    # --minimal-snapshot-download-speed 1073741824 \
    # --maximum-snapshot-download-abort 3 \
    # --rpc-send-leader-count 1500 \
    # --private-rpc \
    # --accounts-index-memory-limit-mb 1024000 \
    # --limit-ledger-size 50000000 \
    # --minimal-snapshot-download-speed 1073741824 \

chmod +x /root/sol/bin/validator.sh

vim /etc/systemd/system/sol.service

添加如下

[Unit]
Description=Solana Validator
After=network.target
StartLimitIntervalSec=0

[Service]
Type=simple
Restart=always
RestartSec=1
User=root
LimitNOFILE=1000000
LogRateLimitIntervalSec=0
Environment="PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/root/.local/share/solana/install/active_release/bin"
ExecStart=/root/sol/bin/validator.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 系统服务相关命令
systemctl start sol
systemctl status sol
systemctl stop sol
systemctl restart sol
systemctl daemon-reload

# 查看服务是否正常运行
tail -f /root/solana-rpc.log
journalctl -u sol -f --no-hostname -o cat
ps aux | grep solana-validator

查看同步进度

solana-keygen pubkey /root/validator-keypair.json
solana gossip | grep {pubkey}
solana catchup {pubkey}

如果机器配置和网络没问题的话，应该可以看到在慢慢追块。

参考

1. https://docs.solanalabs.com/operations/setup-an-rpc-node
2. https://solana.com/docs/rpc